Research paper on eating disorders, research paper on pearl harbor

nuclear energy essays

One major problem with War Is Over is its failure to state and follow a specific purpose. The documentary contains a series of loosely structured episodes illustrating a number of interviews, meaningless statistics, overt, unsubstantiated biases, and large quantities of footage showing bombers at various stages of flight. Early in the program, the narrator, Floyd Kalber, said: "The odds that our nuclear weapons will never be used grows, and we will only have to use them once to destroy ourselves. What do we want to do about them? What do we want from them?" But Kalber's thoughtful questions are never answered.

pearl harbor essays

Finally, Congress stepped into the Pearl Harbor controversy. An investigation could not be forestalled, so the administration decided the prudent thing was to make the inquiry its own. The majority party initiated the investigation, decreed its conditions, and controlled its course. Public hearings could not be avoided, nor could Kimmel and Short be bound to their four-year silence. For the first time testimony was taken in the open, and for the first time the Hawaiian commanders were able to submit a defense to the public. Adm. Kimmel, tracing the involutions of previous investigations, said of the Roberts inquiry, "I had no way of knowing what evidence had been given the commission other than my own testimony.”

research paper on pearl harbor

In the course of the years, however, there was a significant change in assaying responsibility for the disaster of December 7. It became apparent that the attempt to explain away Pearl Harbor as the consequence of purely local command failures would not succeed. National policy, as directed by the Roosevelt administration in its program of steering the country into war, came under searching scrutiny. It became increasingly clear that this policy was neither open nor honest, and that the commanders in Hawaii were hoodwinked no more and no less than the American people had been--that they were ignored, as Congress was ignored, until they were presented with the consequences of that policy on December 7 and the attempt was then made to render them accountable for it.

research paper gender issues

Although Seabird's focus on the gender politics of Black feminism results in a marginalization and subordination of Black male figures, its implication in nationalist politics informs its representations of white males. In several stories, white males are metonymic signs of empowerment that threaten the tranquility of Black communities. For example, in "The Organizer's Wife", although white characters are absent from the text, allusions to Black losses of property through the white man's duplicity and dishonesty, pressures placed on Blacks to sell their land, and incidents of arbitrary arrests and police brutality by whites suggest extratextual referents to racist oppression.

research paper on criminal justice

In the end, of course, subsequent generations of municipal reformers succeeded in breaking the backs of the machines if not in eliminating corruption. They did this, in part, by continuing to expand the administrative state, elaborating the bureaucracy, and putting even more administrative discretion in the hands of professionals, all proceeding along lines implicit in the transformation of criminal justice. The resulting "institutional state" has been primarily concerned since the late nineteenth century with providing services to, and controlling the behavior of, people much like those who filled Philadelphia's criminal courts with private litigation before 1875.

research paper on eating disorders

Women with eating disorders have difficulty discussing feelings about their bodies, despite their preoccupation with "bodily issues." They are comfortable calculating calories or discussing exercise programs, but not confronting disturbing feelings. They resist experiencing, describing, and understanding bodily perceptions. Even when they try, they find it hard to do with words. Expressive therapies, such as guided imagery, movement, and art, are useful in uncovering stored feelings and memories of bodily experience, because they deal with the stuff of which body image is made—images and physical sensations—and because their symbolic nature sufficiently obscures meaning to permit greater freedom of expression.

research papers on eating disorders

The first two days of the program are devoted to evaluation including a complete medical examination, whole-body calorimetry or oxygen consumption tests to determine caloric needs for weight maintenance, and psychological testing. Tests of disordered eating include the EAT, the Eating Disorders Inventory (EDI), and the Revised Restraint Scale. Tests of self- and body-image include the Body Cathexis Scale, the Self Cathexis Scale, and the Color-a-Person test, developed at the Eating Disorders Clinic. Tests of general psychological functioning include the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory and the Symptom Checklist-90. The Color-a-Person test employs an outline drawing of a female body. Patients color in the body, using five colored markers representing a range of attitudes from highly positive to highly negative.

free research papers on eating disorders

When assessing roles it is important to identify what the developmental challenges are for each family member, particularly the patient and the parents. The age of greatest risk for developing eating disorders is adolescence and young adulthood, a time when most parents confront midlife issues. Many conflicts and pathological resolutions can emerge in the family system during this interface between adolescence and midlife transition. Separation fears that are shared by both parents and child can be resolved by the child's assumption of a "sick role," thus binding the child into the family system. Many patients are pressured to maintain a certain appearance (thinness) to narcissistically gratify the parents, or to achieve at a high level and thus compensate for parental frustration over their own limited opportunities or successes.

research papers on eating disorders

Nutrition is a concern in all of the eating disorders. In the obesity area, there is growing realization that diet may be quite important beyond the need to "eat balanced meals." The craving for certain foods may be involved in the etiology of obesity. The chemical properties of some foods trigger physiological reactions that influence hunger and satiety, which may in turn precipitate binge eating, weight gain, and relapse. The binge eating issue is central to anorexia and bulimia, and we may be moving toward the day when we know that different types of bulimia, anorexia, or obesity may be created by dietary practices and that specific diets will be indicated in treatment.

research papers on eating disorder

Another aspect of treatment common to the three eating disorders is cognitive intervention. This seems particularly important in restructuring attitudes and cognitive tendencies that set the stage for relapse. The popularity of "cognitive-behavioral" treatment is due in part to the concept that cognitive processes are central to behavior, that they can be studied and measured, and that cognitive change is a necessary part of most treatments. The role of cognitive factors and specific treatment strategies is discussed in detail by Striegel-Moore and Rodin, and Brownell and Wadden in the obesity section; by Garfinkel and Kaplan, Garner, and Andersen in the anorexia section; and by Boskind-White and White, Agras and Kirkley, Fairburn et al., Wilson, and Wooley and Kearney-Cooke in the bulimia section.